Series:
Essay #1:
Synopsis:
Ends & Means
Start at the End
My human nature is to become, and I have freedom to choose the ends towards which I become
Everything is in process of becoming. Becoming what? We people are different than animals and plants because we ask the question. This much I know of the answer: I must become more than I am, and I must understand the meaning of what I’m becoming.
Aquinas says that every creature seeks to flourish according to his nature, and by so doing, he seeks his highest good and ultimate end. Hence, I must first know my human nature to answer the questions of who should I become and what's my highest good. I can become something only within the bounds of my nature: I can’t grow wings and become more of a bird.
I follow Aquinas in believing that human nature is embodied soul. I am soul and body together and inseparable. I am an animal whose end is survival and reproduction, and I am more than that. I live for higher purpose. Imagine a teenager in the Covid year trapped at home with nothing but Youtube. A million choices in every second, all meaningless, all voluntary slavery. Is that boy more than this? Yes! That boy is more than a meat platform who survives on Cheetos and Mountain Dew and who transmits DNA in some dystopian future via test tube. That boy needs a mission, a hero’s journey that burns off his Covid self and his Covid slavery. That boy needs a higher purpose.
Sebastian Junger took a hero’s journey to a new self, and he talked about it on the EconTalk Podcast, June 2021. Mr. Junger and a group of buddies walked the railroad lines from DC to Philadelphia then to a town near Pittsburgh. They hiked 400 miles, covered 10-20 miles a day, avoided the cops, and carried 70 pound packs with machetes. To Mr. Junger, they were prehistoric nomads living out their true human nature as tribe. But all journeys end, and about the end he said,
“You don't know your stopping point until you arrive, really, I think. And, all of a sudden we were sitting in Connellsville (near Pittsburgh) and it was a brutally hot day. We'd been walking for days in this incredible heat. We'd basically boiled out feet in our boots; and it's awful what happens to your skin and tissue in high heat when you're walking like that with a heavy weight. … And, my feet didn't work, and I just thought, all of a sudden I realized, ‘Oh, this is the end of the trip.’ Like, ‘I don't need to go further. It's probably not good to go further.’ Now the new trip begins, which is returning to my life and resolving some of the issues that have arisen in the last years. (Mr. Junger was in a bad divorce.) And I did. I remarried, I have two beautiful little girls age four and age one-and-a-half. I don't know if that walk was part of it, but something landed me here in a very good place.”
I heard Mr. Junger’s story and I said, “I want that journey!” But it wasn’t my animal side that wanted it. My animal side (whose ultimate end is transmission of selfish genes) wouldn’t have walked to exhaustion and boiled my feet in my boots. Likewise, my dogs (who are animals) wouldn’t have chosen that journey and the boiling of their little paws to mush. Mr. Junger’s journey wasn’t that of an animal, and it wasn’t about survival and reproduction because he could’ve done both a lot easier. He journeyed to become more, to transcend to deeper meaning. Mr. Junger was at a crossroads in life, and his spirit moved silently past all our modern talk of selfish genes and utility.
Sebastian Junger reached the end of his journey and he asked, what does it mean for me to flourish according to my human nature? What life is right for me? He found an answer in family. If I asked him to tell me the purpose of family, though, I don’t know how he’d answer. Maybe he’d engage in abstract theorizing and say it’s the survival and reproduction of group DNA. But when he looks at his wife and daughters, I’m sure he sees a lot more than that. Human nature in the abstract is one thing, but our lived nature is something else entirely.
I don’t know what human nature is, but I know it’s more than survival and reproduction. To see myself in an evolutionary light is to see one ultimate end: transmission of DNA. Here the end is fixed and only the means can vary, which might be true for dogs but not for people. I have freedom over the ends for which I live. I have a say in who I become, and it might or might not include DNA transmission. Choice of ends is the heart of human freedom and human nature, and any contrary theory is fit for dogs not people.
I am more than a DNA transmitter because I have the freedom to choose my end. I can live for something higher… like Aquinas, who lived to understand and love God. In my heart, I think Sebastian Junger was saying, “I’ve reached the end of this journey; I’ve burned off my old self and the skin on his feet; I have a new reason to live.” I wish Covid boy can watch his last Youtube video and know the same thing. That boy will think about the highest and most meaningful end for him, and that end will organize his life with purpose, because the end controls the means.
I imagine Covid boy getting frustrated and saying, “I know, I know! I want that higher end. Really, really bad. How do I get it?” Go to the river.
Essays in this Series, Ends & Means: